The 43 essential nutrients consist of 14 vitamins, 14 minerals, 2 essential fats, 12 amino acids, and water.
What are the 43 essential nutrients?
The 43 essential nutrients are listed below. Next to each is:
- Nutrient category (e.g., vitamin, mineral)
- Amount needed each day
- How the essential nutrient is presented on the label (e.g., Daily Value)
- Authoritative scientific body that determined the amount of the essential nutrient needed
| Essential Nutrient | Nutrient Category | Amount Needed Each Day | How Amount is Expressed on the Food Label | Scientific Support For Daily Requirement |
| Vitamin A | Vitamin | 5000 IU | DV | FDA |
| Vitamin C | Vitamin | 60 mg | DV | FDA |
| Vitamin D | Vitamin | 400 IU | DV | FDA |
| Vitamin E | Vitamin | 30 IU | DV | FDA |
| Vitamin K | Vitamin | 80 mcg | DV | FDA |
| Thiamin | Vitamin | 1.5 mg | DV | FDA |
| Riboflavin | Vitamin | 1.7 mg | DV | FDA |
| Niacin | Vitamin | 20 mg | DV | FDA |
| Vitamin B6 | Vitamin | 2 mg | DV | FDA |
| Folate | Vitamin | 400 mcg | DV | FDA |
| Vitamin B12 | Vitamin | 6 mcg | DV | FDA |
| Biotin | Vitamin | 300 mcg | DV | FDA |
| Pantothenic Acid | Vitamin | 10 mg | DV | FDA |
| Choline | Vitamin | 550mg* | AI | IOM |
| Calcium | Mineral | 1000 mg | DV | FDA |
| Iron | Mineral | 18 mg | DV | FDA |
| Phosphorus | Mineral | 1000 mg | DV | FDA |
| Iodine | Mineral | 150 mcg | DV | FDA |
| Magnesium | Mineral | 400 mg | DV | FDA |
| Zinc | Mineral | 15 mg | DV | FDA |
| Selenium | Mineral | 70 mcg | DV | FDA |
| Copper | Mineral | 2 mg | DV | FDA |
| Manganese | Mineral | 2 mg | DV | FDA |
| Chromium | Mineral | 120 mcg | DV | FDA |
| Molybdenum | Mineral | 75 mcg | DV | FDA |
| Potassium | Mineral | 3500 mg | DV | FDA |
| Sodium | Mineral | 2400 mg | DV | FDA |
| Chloride | Mineral | 3400 mg | DV | FDA |
| Histidine | Amino Acid | 728 mg ** | Amount listed | WHO |
| Isoleucine | Amino Acid | 1454 mg** | Amount listed | WHO |
| Leucine | Amino Acid | 2836 mg** | Amount listed | WHO |
| Valine | Amino Acid | 1892 mg** | Amount listed | WHO |
| Tryptophan | Amino Acid | 292 mg** | Amount listed | WHO |
| Phenylalanine | Amino Acid | 910 mg*** | Amount listed | WHO |
| Tyrosine | Amino Acid | 910 mg*** | Amount listed | WHO |
| Methionine | Amino Acid | 728 mg** | Amount listed | WHO |
| Cysteine | Amino Acid | 292 mg ** | Amount listed | WHO |
| Lysine | Amino Acid | 2182 mg** | Amount listed | WHO |
| Threonine | Amino Acid | 1092 mg** | Amount listed | WHO |
| Arginine | Amino Acid | 500 mg**** | Amount listed | Luiking, 2012 |
| Water | Water | 2.7 -3.7 L, (91-125oz.) AIIOM | ||
| Omega 3 | Fatty Acid | 1.6 g* | RDA | IOM |
| Omega 6 | Fatty Acid | 17 g* | RDA | IOM |
DV = Daily Value; FDA = Food and Drug Administration AI = Average Intake; IOM = Institute of Medicine; RDA = Recommended Dietary Allowance
* Based on the daily needs of an adult male.
** Amino acid amounts are based on the milligrams required for an average person (160 pounds or around 72.7 kg of body weight).
*** The WHO recommends 1,820 mg per day of tyrosine and phenylalanine for the average person. We assumed that the recommendation was equal for each amino acid (910 mg each).
**** Daily arginine recommendations assume that people: eat 4-6 grams, make 2.2 grams, and recycle 14 grams (based on Luiking, 2012). From this, we determined that 500 mg of arginine is required each day to assure adequacy.
This yields: 14 vitamins, 14 minerals, 2 essential fatty acids, 12 essential amino acids and water, which is added to most Yevo products during preparation.
References
- Luiking YC, Have Ten GA, Wolfe RR et al. Arginine De Novo and Nitric Oxide Production In Disease States. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2012; 303: E1177-E1189.
http://ajpendo.physiology.org/content/303/10/E1177 - Choline. Chapter 12. IOM; page 390. www.nap.edu/catalog/6015
- Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. IOM. September 5, 2002; pages 594, 608, 697, and 1324.
http://www.nap.edu; http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10490/dietary-reference-intakes-for-energy-carbohydrate-fiber-fat-fatty-acids-cholesterol-protein-and-amino-acids-macronutrients - Guidance for Industry: A Food Labeling Guide. FDA. January, 2013.
http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/LabelingNutrition/ucm064928.htm - Harper AE. Chapter 1 Defining the Essentiality of Nutrients. Eds: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shine M, Ross CA. Modern Nutrition in Disease. Lippincoott Williams & Wilkins:Philadelphia, 1998.; pages 3-10.
- Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Human Nutrition. WHO Technical Report Series 935, United Nations University, 2002; pages 141-150.
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/nutrientrequirements/WHO_TRS_935/en/ - Role of Protein and Amino Acids in Sustaining and Enhancing Performance, The. IOM. 1999; page 201.
http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=9620&page=201 - USDA Scientific Report of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, February 2015.
http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015-scientific-report/ - Dietary reference intakes for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride / Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. http://www.nap.edu;http://www.nap.edu/catalog/5776/dietary-reference-intakes-for-calcium-phosphorus-magnesium-vitamin-d-and-fluoride
- Dietary reference intakes for vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and carotenoids: a report of the Panel on Dietary Antioxidants and Related Compounds, Subcommittees on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients and of Interpretation and Use of Dietary Reference Intakes, and the Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. http://www.nap.edu; http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9810/dietary-reference-intakes-for-vitamin-c-vitamin-e-selenium-and-carotenoids
- Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc: a report of the Panel on Micronutrients, Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. http://www.nap.edu;http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10026/dietary-reference-intakes-for-vitamin-a-vitamin-k-arsenic-boron-chromium-copper-iodine-iron-manganese-molybdenum-nickel-silicon-vanadium-and-zinc
- Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Panel on Dietary Reference Intakes for Electrolytes and Water. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate / Panel on Dietary Reference Intakes for Electrolytes and Water, Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board. http://www.nap.edu;http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10925/dietary-reference-intakes-for-water-potassium-sodium-chloride-and-sulfate
- Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids / Panel on Macronutrients, Panel on the Definition of Dietary Fiber, Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients, Subcommittee on Interpretation and Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes, and the Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board. http://www.nap.edu;http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10490/dietary-reference-intakes-for-energy-carbohydrate-fiber-fat-fatty-acids-cholesterol-protein-and-amino-acids-macronutrients
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